There are four elements that are distinguished by one or two synonyms in society. These four elements discovered by M.H. Abrams are work, artist, universe, and audience. The work (artifact) is the "artistic product itself"and the artist is the artificer. The work must have a subject, which comes from something that already exists and signifies or reflects an object. This subject that consists of people and actions, ideas and feelings, material things and events, is called universe or nature. The audience is the final element and it includes the listeners, readers, or spectators to whom the work is directed to. Abrams arranged these four elements into a triangle. Artist, universe, and audience all surrounded the word work, because work is the most important element that must be explained.
The author of this chapter (Arthur Berger) uses five terms to describe mass-mediated communication. These include an Artist (sender, creator or group of creators), Art (the texts created, conveying a message), an Audience (those who receive the message), America (a society in which the message is created and disseminated), and a Medium (radio, television, film, books, and magazines). In Berger's model, each of the words have arrows pointing to each other because they are all influenced by eachother. Abrams' and
Berger's theories can compare to Lasswell's formula. Berger's model hints that communication has effects on society. I agree with Berger's theory because it is true that any kind of communication effects the artist or whoever is sending the message, what is being said, and who they are telling the message too. It is very common in our society for magazines, television commericials, and any other type of advertisement to convey a message to consumers. This type of communication is part of what helps our economy function successfully.
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